{"id":19227,"date":"2023-03-07T16:42:10","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T14:42:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dase-analytics.com\/blog\/?p=19227\/"},"modified":"2023-03-09T12:24:19","modified_gmt":"2023-03-09T10:24:19","slug":"sleduju-nas-na-internete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dase-analytics.com\/blog\/sk\/sleduju-nas-na-internete\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako zosta\u0165 na internete v anonymite?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dnes si povieme, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee \u010dlovek br\u00e1zdiaci po internete pou\u017ei\u0165 na to, aby zostal v anonymite. Spomenieme tie\u017e r\u00f4zne \u00farovne anonymity, ako sa daj\u00fa pou\u017ei\u0165 a ako zisti\u0165, ak\u00e9 \u00fadaje o v\u00e1s konkr\u00e9tne str\u00e1nky zbieraj\u00fa.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pre\u010do vlastne blokova\u0165 zaznamen\u00e1vanie d\u00e1t?<\/strong><\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pre\u010do potrebujeme zosta\u0165 v anonymite a ako si t\u00fato anonymitu vlastne predstavujeme?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>Chceme, aby na\u0161e osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje zostali utajen\u00e9? Neprajeme si z\u00e1znam ak\u00fdchko\u013evek d\u00e1t o na\u0161ej n\u00e1v\u0161teve webu? Alebo len chceme, aby n\u00e1s v\u0161ade neprenasledovala cielen\u00e1 reklama? Treba si preto najprv odpoveda\u0165 na tieto z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je tie\u017e porozumie\u0165 tomu, \u010do s\u00fa na\u0161e osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje, cez ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1s m\u00f4\u017eu str\u00e1nky identifikova\u0165 a n\u00e1sledne sa m\u00f4\u017eeme rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 pre mieru ochrany.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

IP Adresa<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u010co je IP adresa a pre\u010do je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Bez toho aby ste zadali ak\u00fdko\u013evek osobn\u00fd \u00fadaj na akejko\u013evek str\u00e1nke, \u010di ods\u00fahlasili cookies, IP adresa je osobn\u00fd \u00fadaj, ku ktor\u00e9mu m\u00e1 web za norm\u00e1lnych okolnost\u00ed pr\u00edstup.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nemus\u00edme sa zdr\u017eiava\u0165 dlh\u00fdm vysvet\u013eovan\u00edm, \u010do je\u00a0 <\/span>IP adresa<\/a><\/b>. Pre n\u00e1s je z\u00e1sadn\u00e9, \u017ee na z\u00e1klade t\u00fdchto d\u00e1t je za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed <\/span>mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikova\u0165 zariadenie pripojen\u00e9 na internet a aj ho pribli\u017ene lokalizova\u0165<\/b>. Pod\u013ea platnej legislat\u00edvy (GDPR) teda<\/span> ide o osobn\u00fd \u00fadaj<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00f4\u017eete si to vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 napr. tu: <\/span>https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/<\/span><\/a>. Svoju IP adresu zist\u00edte napr. vygooglen\u00edm v prehliada\u010di \u201cmy ip address\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u010co sa s IP adresou deje?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

V\u0161etky na\u0161e n\u00e1v\u0161tevy str\u00e1nok s\u00fa \u0161tandardne zaznamenan\u00e9 ako komunik\u00e1cia medzi IP adresami a poskytovate\u013e internetov\u00e9ho pripojenia, alebo spr\u00e1vca siete m\u00e1 k t\u00fdmto d\u00e1tam teoreticky pr\u00edstup.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ak teda niekto hackne poskytovate\u013ea n\u00e1\u0161ho internetov\u00e9ho pripojenia, vie sa teoreticky dosta\u0165 k t\u00fdmto citliv\u00fdm \u00fadajom.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e9 rie\u0161enia (skrytie IP Adresy)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Na zabr\u00e1nenie, resp. anonymiz\u00e1ciu na\u0161ej ip adresy m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165 viacer\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby. Ke\u010f\u017ee ide dos\u0165 rozsiahlu t\u00e9mu, nep\u00f4jdeme \u00faplne do detailov, len v kr\u00e1tkosti spomenieme \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby:<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1. Mobiln\u00e1 Sie\u0165<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Jedn\u00e1 sa o ve\u013emi jednoduch\u00e9 rie\u0161enie a poskytuje aspo\u0148 ur\u010dit\u00fa mieru ochrany. Pri ka\u017edom novom pripojen\u00ed na mobiln\u00fa sie\u0165 sa na\u0161a IP adresa zmen\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed teda v pr\u00edpade potreby vypn\u00fa\u0165 a zapn\u00fa\u0165 mobiln\u00e9 d\u00e1ta.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2. Pripojenie cez verejn\u00e9 wi-fi spoty<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Na\u0161a IP adresa zost\u00e1va pri takomto pripojen\u00ed utajen\u00e1, no pripojenie na verejn\u00fa wi-fi so sebou prin\u00e1\u0161a viacero in\u00fdch riz\u00edk. Asi najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm je mo\u017enos\u0165 hackersk\u00e9ho \u00fatoku, kedy sa hacker dostane do poz\u00edcie medzi n\u00e1s a bod pripojenia a my tak namiesto hotspotu komunikujeme s hackerom.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3. Tor Prehliada\u010d<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Jedn\u00e1 sa o bezplatn\u00fd tool. Tento prehliada\u010d v z\u00e1sade posiela va\u0161u komunik\u00e1ciu s internetom cez 3 n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 servery (tzv. relays). <\/span>Prehliada\u010d <\/span>Tor n\u00e1s nevie ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 pred sledovan\u00edm na vstupe do a v\u00fdstupe zo svojej siete. Viac o toole si m\u00f4\u017eete pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 tu: <\/span>https:\/\/www.torproject.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

4. Proxy server<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Proxy je nie\u010do ako sprostredkovate\u013e medzi nami a internetom, je to ak\u00fdsi filter na\u0161ich internetov\u00fdch volan\u00ed (requestov). Str\u00e1nky, ktor\u00e9 prostredn\u00edctvom proxy nav\u0161t\u00edvime tak nevedia ur\u010di\u0165 na\u0161u IP adresu, iba proxy IP adresu. Pozn\u00e1me r\u00f4zne typy proxy: <\/span>https:\/\/oxylabs.io\/blog\/proxy-vs-vpn<\/span><\/a>. Ako si nastavi\u0165 proxy v prehliada\u010di chrome: <\/span>https:\/\/oxylabs.io\/blog\/how-to-set-up-a-chrome-proxy<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

5. VPN<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Virtual Private Network (VPN) chr\u00e1ni na\u0161u online identitu skryt\u00edm na\u0161ej IP adresy presmerovan\u00edm cez \u0161peci\u00e1lne nakonfigurovan\u00fd vzdialen\u00fd server prev\u00e1dzkovan\u00fd VPN hostite\u013eom. Umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1m tak tie\u017e napr. bezpe\u010dne pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 verejn\u00e9 Wi-Fi hotspoty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Viac o VPN <\/span>si m\u00f4\u017eete pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 napr. tu: https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com\/resource-center\/definitions\/what-is-a-vpn<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje, ktor\u00e9 dobrovo\u013ene webstr\u00e1nke poskytneme<\/strong><\/h2>\n

V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee sami vypln\u00edte svoje osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje v nejakom formul\u00e1ri na str\u00e1nke, \u010di u\u017e ide o meno, priezvisko, email, tel. \u010d\u00edslo, \u010d\u00edslo kreditnej karty, a pod. je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee k t\u00fdmto \u00fadajom bude ma\u0165 pr\u00edstup aj spr\u00e1vca dan\u00e9ho webu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ak teda potrebujeme osta\u0165 v anonymite, odpor\u00fa\u010dam nevyp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 formul\u00e1re a dobrovo\u013ene svoje \u00fadaje neposkytova\u0165. V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee tak\u00e9to \u00fadaje potrebujeme vyplni\u0165, je dobr\u00e9 si najprv preveri\u0165 spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 dan\u00e9ho webu, resp. jeho spr\u00e1vcu (napr. \u010di m\u00e1 SSL certifik\u00e1t (url sa za\u010d\u00edna https \u2026 nie http), hodnotenia z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov, a pod.)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cookies<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ide o k\u00f3dy, ktor\u00e9 ukladaj\u00fa nav\u0161t\u00edven\u00e9 str\u00e1nky v internetovom prehliada\u010di n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edka a okrem in\u00e9ho sl\u00fa\u017eia aj na ukladanie a odosielanie pr\u00edpadn\u00fdch osobn\u00fdch \u00fadajov.<\/span><\/p>\n

O tom \u010do s\u00fa cookies a ako funguj\u00fa si m\u00f4\u017eete pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 tu.<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ochrana Pred Cookies<\/strong><\/h3>\n

V ide\u00e1lnom svete by mala ma\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e1 str\u00e1nka cookie li\u0161tu, kde by sme si ako n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edci mali mo\u017enos\u0165 vybra\u0165, ak\u00e9 cookies povol\u00edme. Bez interakcie s touto cookie li\u0161tou by str\u00e1nka nemala uklada\u0165 ani marketingov\u00e9, ani analytick\u00e9 cookies do n\u00e1\u0161ho prehliada\u010da.<\/span><\/p>\n

Realita je v\u0161ak \u010dasto in\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ou t\u00e9mou je to, \u010do zablokovan\u00edm cookies dosiahneme. Ak sme na nejakej ned\u00f4veryhodnej str\u00e1nke, odpove\u010f je asi jasn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ak v\u0161ak ide o relat\u00edvne d\u00f4veryhodn\u00fa firmu, v drvivej v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa analytick\u00e9 cookies len na vyhodnotenie v\u00fdkonnosti str\u00e1nky, pr\u00edpadne jej optimaliz\u00e1ciu, anal\u00fdzy n\u00e1v\u0161tevnosti z r\u00f4znych kan\u00e1lov, mo\u017eno segment\u00e1ciu. Teda nejde o ni\u010d, pri \u010dom by analyzovali spr\u00e1vanie konkr\u00e9tneho n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edka.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ak zase zamietneme marketingov\u00e9 cookies, okrem in\u00e9ho zabr\u00e1nime aj tomu, aby n\u00e1s prenasledovala relevantn\u00e1 reklama. Priestor na reklamu na weboch, ktor\u00e9 nav\u0161tevujeme zost\u00e1va rovnak\u00fd, jedin\u00fd rozdiel je v tom, \u017ee sa n\u00e1m bude zobrazova\u0165 menej reklamy na produkty a slu\u017eby, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1s re\u00e1lne zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa (o tom ako blokova\u0165 zobrazovanie reklamy celkovo, sn\u00e1\u010f niekedy inokedy).<\/span><\/p>\n

Teda je to na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho osobnom uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed a rozhodnut\u00ed, \u010di sa cookies rozhodne blokova\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ako teda zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 s\u00faborom cookies, aby sa ukladali v prehliada\u010di a odosielali na\u0161e osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Existuje viacero rie\u0161en\u00ed a tie\u017e online toolov, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1m v tomto m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Inkognito okno<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Inkognito okno nezabr\u00e1ni ukladaniu samotn\u00fdch cookies a teda ani pr\u00edpadn\u00e9mu odosielaniu osobn\u00fdch \u00fadajov.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jeho v\u00fdhoda je v tom, \u017ee ke\u010f ho po \u201cbr\u00e1zden\u00ed\u201d na internete zavrieme, v\u0161etky ulo\u017een\u00e9 cookies zanikaj\u00fa a pri \u010fal\u0161ej n\u00e1v\u0161teve (a op\u00e4tovnom pou\u017eit\u00ed inkognito (aj norm\u00e1lneho) re\u017eimu) n\u00e1s str\u00e1nka nevie sp\u00e1rova\u0165 s predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facimi rel\u00e1ciami – st\u00e1vame sa tak pri ka\u017edom novom otvoren\u00ed inkognito okna nov\u00fdm u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom (ak teda nie sme na danej str\u00e1nke nejak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom zalogovan\u00fd)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2. Vymazanie s\u00faborov cookies z prehliada\u010da<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ide v podstate o ten ist\u00fd princ\u00edp, ako pri inkognito okne, akur\u00e1t, \u017ee to viete priebe\u017ene robi\u0165 aj v norm\u00e1lnom re\u017eime prehliada\u010da – ide o manu\u00e1lnu z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165 a postup je nasledovn\u00fd (pr\u00edklad pre chrome):<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. kliknete prav\u00fdm tla\u010didlom my\u0161i kdeko\u013evek na str\u00e1nke a d\u00e1te presk\u00fama\u0165 (inspect)<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. n\u00e1sledne sa v\u00e1m zobraz\u00ed nov\u00e9 okno<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. potom vyberiete application<\/strong> z hornej li\u0161ty a v \u013eavom menu vyberiete cookies<\/strong>\u00a0a dom\u00e9nu,<\/strong>\u00a0na ktorej sa pr\u00e1ve nach\u00e1dzate<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. ozna\u010d\u00edte cookies, ktor\u00e9 chcete vymaza\u0165 a stla\u010d\u00edte delete<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Tento sp\u00f4sob je ale trochu n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed, preto\u017ee je nutn\u00e9 pozna\u0165 n\u00e1zvy aspo\u0148 z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch cookies. Ak toti\u017e vyma\u017eeme v\u0161etky cookies, odhl\u00e1si n\u00e1s napr. automaticky z \u00fa\u010dtov, do ktor\u00fdch sme boli prihl\u00e1sen\u00ed v danom prehliada\u010di.<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    3. Tooly na blokovanie cookies v prehliada\u010di:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    DuckDuckGo\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Viac info tu: <\/span>https:\/\/duckduckgo.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

    Ghostery<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Viac info tu: <\/span>https:\/\/www.ghostery.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

    AdblockPlus\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Viac info tu: <\/span>https:\/\/adblockplus.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

    Disconnect<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Viac info tu: <\/span>https:\/\/disconnect.me\/disconnect<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

    Privacy Badger<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Viac info tu: <\/span>https:\/\/privacybadger.org\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    P\u00e1r slov na z\u00e1ver<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Surfovanie so sebou prin\u00e1\u0161a r\u00f4zne rizik\u00e1, to plat\u00ed aj pre to na internete.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Na\u0161a IP Adresa je osobn\u00fd \u00fadaj, na z\u00e1klade ktor\u00e9ho je mo\u017en\u00e1 napr. relat\u00edvne jednoduch\u00e1 lokaliz\u00e1cia n\u00e1\u0161ho zariadenia. V pr\u00edpade potreby sa d\u00e1 tento \u00fadaj aspo\u0148 \u010diasto\u010dne skry\u0165. Dobrovo\u013ene poskytnut\u00e9 osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje s\u00fa vystaven\u00e9 riziku zneu\u017eitia a v pr\u00edpade potreby je dobr\u00e9 si preveri\u0165 web, na ktorom ich mienime vyplni\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u0161etky cookies nie s\u00fa zl\u00e9 a vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov n\u00e1m ich ukladanie v na\u0161om prehliada\u010di prin\u00e1\u0161a lep\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fd z\u00e1\u017eitok na weboch a relevantnej\u0161iu reklamu. O tom, pre\u010do je fajn ob\u010das cookies aj ods\u00fahlasi\u0165 si m\u00f4\u017eete pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 tu<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ak si ich ukladanie neprajeme, mala by tu by\u0165 na to cookie li\u0161ta. Ak spr\u00e1vca web nere\u0161pektuje na\u0161e vo\u013eby na coolie li\u0161te (alebo ju nem\u00e1), s\u00fa viacer\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby, ako mu ukladanie cookies v na\u0161om prehliada\u010di znemo\u017eni\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Dnes si povieme, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee \u010dlovek br\u00e1zdiaci po internete pou\u017ei\u0165 na to, aby zostal v anonymite. Spomenieme tie\u017e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":19240,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[806],"tags":[878,877,879,869,808,674],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dase-analytics.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19227"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dase-analytics.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dase-analytics.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dase-analytics.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/74"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dase-analytics.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19227"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.dase-analytics.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19233,"href":"https:\/\/www.dase-analytics.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19227\/revisions\/19233"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dase-analytics.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dase-analytics.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dase-analytics.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19227"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dase-analytics.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}